在電力系統(tǒng)中，母線與相線猶如人體的主動(dòng)脈與支動(dòng)脈，承載著電能的傳輸與分配重任，是保障電力穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵所在。

　　In the power system,busway and phase conductors are like the aorta and branch arteries of the human body, undertaking the important task of transmitting and distributing electrical energy, and are crucial to ensuring the stable supply of electricity.

　　母線，通常由銅、鋁等高導(dǎo)電材料制成，廣泛應(yīng)用于發(fā)電廠、變電站及各類配電柜中。它如同電力系統(tǒng)的“交通樞紐”，首要作用是匯集電能。眾多發(fā)電設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的電能，或是輸電線路傳輸來的電能，都會(huì)先匯聚到母線。隨后，母線又將這些電能精準(zhǔn)分配至不同的用電設(shè)備與輸電線路，實(shí)現(xiàn)電能的高效傳送。在運(yùn)行時(shí)，母線需承載巨大電能，短路時(shí)還會(huì)承受強(qiáng)大的發(fā)熱與電動(dòng)力效應(yīng)。因此，合理選用母線材料、設(shè)計(jì)截面形狀與尺寸，對(duì)保障電力系統(tǒng)安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行意義重大。例如在大型工廠的配電系統(tǒng)中，母線能將高壓電能合理分配到各個(gè)車間的變壓器，為生產(chǎn)設(shè)備供電。

　　Busway, usually made of highly conductive materials such as copper and aluminum, are widely used in power plants, substations, and various distribution cabinets. It is like the "transportation hub" of the power system, with the primary function of collecting electrical energy. The electrical energy generated by numerous power generation equipment or transmitted by transmission lines will first converge to the busway. Subsequently, the busway accurately distributes this electrical energy to different electrical equipment and transmission lines, realizing the efficient transmission of electrical energy. During operation, the busway must carry a huge amount of electrical energy, and in case of a short circuit, it will also withstand strong heating and electrodynamic effects. Therefore, the reasonable selection of busway materials and the design of cross-sectional shapes and sizes are of great significance to ensuring the safe and economical operation of the power system. For example, in the distribution system of large factories,busway can reasonably distribute high-voltage electrical energy to the transformers in each workshop to supply power to production equipment.

　　相線，俗稱火線，是輸送電能的“先鋒”。在三相交流系統(tǒng)里，三根相線彼此相位相差 120 度。在三相四線制或五線制系統(tǒng)中，相線間線電壓一般為 380V，適用于驅(qū)動(dòng)工業(yè)電機(jī)等大功率設(shè)備；相線與零線間相電壓為 220V，滿足家庭及小型電器用電需求。它就像電能的 “傳送帶”，源源不斷將電能從電源端輸送到負(fù)載端，一旦缺少相線，電器便無法獲取工作所需電能。

　　Phase conductors, commonly known as live wires, are the "vanguards" of transmitting electrical energy. In a three-phase AC system, the three phase conductors have a phase difference of 120 degrees from each other. In a three-phase four-wire or five-wire system, the line voltage between phase conductors is generally 380V, which is suitable for driving high-power equipment such as industrial motors; the phase voltage between a phase conductor and the neutral wire is 220V, which meets the electricity demand of households and small electrical appliances. It is like a "conveyor belt" for electrical energy, continuously transmitting electrical energy from the power source to the load end. Once a phase conductor is missing, electrical appliances cannot obtain the electrical energy required for operation.

　　母線與相線緊密協(xié)作，母線負(fù)責(zé)電能的集中與分配，相線專注于電能的傳輸。二者共同構(gòu)建起從發(fā)電端到用電端完整且可靠的電力傳輸鏈路，是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生產(chǎn)生活得以正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的重要基石，支撐著電力系統(tǒng)安全、高效運(yùn)行。

　　Busway and phase conductors work closely together:busway are responsible for the concentration and distribution of electrical energy, while phase conductors focus on the transmission of electrical energy. Together, they form a complete and reliable power transmission link from the power generation end to the electricity consumption end. They are an important cornerstone for the normal operation of production and life in modern society, supporting the safe and efficient operation of the power system.